Microbiology

Lesson 3

1. a) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.

b) Cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.

eukaryotes fungi protist algae discovery

эукариоты грибы протист, одноклеточный организм водоросли обнаружение, открытие

2. Read the words and put down their Russian equivalents:

microorganisms

area

infancy

though

organism

3. Change the words according to the model. Translate the words.

Model: Pollution, to pollute – загрязнять

satisfaction, to ___________________ - _____________

combination, to __________________ - _____________

confirmation, to __________________ - _____________

fertilization, to ___________________ - _____________

4. State part of speech, say how the given words differ and translate them from English into Russian:

living organisms – she is living, work together – an easy work, in practice – they practice, the study of microorganisms – we study,, parts of – he parts, the call – they call, the microbial cell functions biochemically – chemical functions of the fish.

5. Master the following words.

virology - вирусология

mycology - микология (наука, изучающая грибы)

parasitology - паразитология

botany - ботаника

entomology - энтомология

6. Put down the English for:

одноклеточный

микроб

возможно

регулярно

широкий

клетка

7. Translate the following words and word combinations in writing.

cell-cluster _____________________________________

microbiologist __________________________________

relative ________________________________________

Earth __________________________________________

branch _________________________________________

although ________________________________________

8. Read and translate the text. What new sciences have you learned? Give Russian equivalents to these terms.

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are unicellular or cell-cluster microscopic organisms. This includes eukaryotes such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes such as bacteria and certain algae. Viruses, though not strictly classed as living organisms, are also studied. Microbiology is a broad term which includes many branches like virology, mycology, parasitology and others. A person who specializes in the area of microbiology is called a microbiologist.

Although much is now known in the field of microbiology, advances are being made regularly. We have probably only studied about 1% of all of the microbes on Earth. Thus, despite the fact that over three hundred years have passed since the discovery of microbes, the field of microbiology could be said to be in its infancy relative to other biological disciplines such as zoology, botany and entomology.

9. Find definitions to the corresponding disciplines.

The field of microbiology can be generally divided into several subdisciplines:

Environmental microbiology:	The study of how the microbial cell functions biochemically. Includes the study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism and microbial cell structure.
Medical microbiology	The study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions. Closely related to the field of molecular biology.
Industrial microbiology:	The study of the role of microbes in human illness. Includes the study of microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology and is related to the study of disease pathology and immunology.
Aeromicrobiology:	The study of the role in microbes in veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy.
Pharmaceutical microbiology:	The study of the function and diversity of microbes in their natural environments. Includes the study of microbial ecology, microbially-mediated nutrient cycling, Aeromicrobiology, microbial diversity and bioremediation. Characterization of key bacterial habitats such as the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, soil and groundwater ecosystems, open oceans or extreme environments (extremophiles).
Evolutionary microbiology:	The study of the evolution of microbes. Includes the study of bacterial systematics and taxonomy.
Oral microbiology:	The exploitation of microbes for use in industrial processes. Examples include industrial fermentation and wastewater treatment. Closely linked to the biotechnology industry. This field also includes brewing, an important application of microbiology.
Food microbiology:	The study of airborne microorganisms.
Microbial genetics:	The study of microorganisms causing food spoilage.
Veterinary microbiology:	The study of microorganisms causing pharmaceutical contamination and spoilage.
Microbial physiology:	The study of microorganisms of the mouth in particular those causing caries and periodontal disease.

10. Pair work. Have a talk on the problems of microbes.

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