Language focus. Functional vocabulary

Functional vocabulary

absorb v	поглощать
break down sth v	разрушать, разлагать что-л.
build up v	накапливаться
combustion n	горение, сжигание
damage sth v	наносить вред чему-л.
damage to sth n	вред, урон, ущерб чему-л.
decay sth v	разлагать, перерабатывать
deposit v	отлагаться, давать осадок
dispose of sth v	избавляться от чего-л.
disposal site n	место переработки отходов
drain v	стекать, просачиваться
eliminate v	устранять, уничтожать
expose sb to sth v	подвергать кого-л. чему-л.
be exposed to sth v	быть подвергнутым чему-л.
give off sth v	издавать запах, излучать свет, тепло, звук и т.д.
hazardous adj	опасный, вредоносный
landfill n	место захоронения отходов
leak v, n	просачиваться, протекать; утечка
odourless adj	не имеющий запаха
pest n	вредитель
scatter v	разбрасывать, рассеивать

sewage n	сточные воды
sewerage system n	канализация
treat v	зд. перерабатывать
waste treatment plant	завод по переработке отходов
weed n	сорняк

1. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases.

– an ecologist;

– a heat-trapping gas;

– a disposal site;

– a landfill;

– nutrient enrichment;

– thermal pollution;

– to upset natural cycles.

2. Insert the right preposition or particle where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian / Belarusian.

1. Humanity is facing many ecological problems resulting … the past errors of man's activities.

2. Scientists have linked the illness … the use of pesticides.

3. The statistics show a clear link … the growth of skin cancer cases and the holes in the ozone layer.

4. Plastic packaging material and aluminium cans are difficult to dispose … and when burned they give … harmful gases.

5. Bacteria break … some of natural waste dumped into the water.

6. The report revealed that the town-dwellers had been exposed … unacceptably high levels of radiation … the nearby nuclear power plant.

7. Poorly treated sewage is a major leak … the city's budget.

8. If too much poisonous substance is dumped on the land or in the water the natural cycles can break ….

3. Match the verbs with the nouns they collocate with.

to worsen to leak to give off to add to clear away to scatter to affect to present

a problem wastes pesticides pollutants a disease gases the climate sunrays

4. Suggest synonyms of the words printed in italics.

pure water; odourless air; to eliminate the effects of the pollution; hazardous waste; harmful effect.

5. Underline the most appropriate word to complete the sentences.

1. Everyone agrees that the environment/nature/ecology must be protected.

2. The act of protecting animals, or parts of the environment is called ecology/conservation environmentalism.

3. The amount of gases/pollution/exhaust from cars is exceeding.

4. Our country has many natural resources/sources/deposits.

5. In this part of the country, the earth/the land/the soil is quite expensive.

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